Answers to common questions

Short answers to the questions clients and visitors ask most often. Each one starts with the answer, then explains the detail and the legal basis, and shows when it was last reviewed.

Income tax

Returns, the two tax regimes, the Income-tax Act, 2025, business income, capital gains, TDS and TCS, and income-tax notices.

• Which is better for me: the old or the new tax regime?For most individuals with income up to about ₹15 lakh and modest deductions, the new regime gives lower tax: income up to ₹12 lakh is...Individuals and salaried
• Which ITR form should I file?It depends on who you are and what income you have. ITR-1 is for resident individuals with salary, up to two house properties and other...Individuals and salaried
• I missed the ITR due date. Can I still file, and what does it cost?Yes. For FY 2025-26 you can file a belated return until 31 December 2026, with a late fee of ₹5,000 (₹1,000 if total income is up to ₹5...Individuals and salaried
• Is income up to ₹12 lakh really tax-free under the new regime?Yes, for a resident individual. The new-regime rebate (section 87A of the 1961 Act, now section 156 of the 2025 Act) cancels tax of up to...Individuals and salaried
• How do I claim HRA, and can I claim HRA and a home-loan deduction together?HRA exemption is available only in the old regime. The exempt amount is the least of the HRA received, rent paid minus 10% of salary, and...Individuals and salaried
• What are the limits for sections 80C, 80D and 80CCD(1B), and which deductions survive in the new regime?In the old regime, section 80C (now 123) allows up to ₹1.5 lakh for PPF, ELSS, life insurance, home-loan principal and similar; 80CCD(1B) an...Individuals and salaried
• What is the standard deduction for salaried people and pensioners?Every salaried employee and pensioner gets a flat standard deduction without any proof: ₹75,000 in the new regime and ₹50,000 in the old...Individuals and salaried
• Form 16, Form 26AS and the AIS don't match. Why, and what should I do?Form 16 shows only your employer's view of salary and TDS. Form 26AS shows tax credits from all deductors, and the AIS shows almost every...Individuals and salaried
• How long does an income-tax refund take, and why is it delayed or adjusted?Most refunds are issued within a few weeks of the return being e-verified and processed. Delays usually come from a bank account that is not...Individuals and salaried
• How do I e-verify my income-tax return, and what if I miss the 30 days?A return is complete only when verified, within 30 days of uploading it. E-verify with an Aadhaar OTP, net banking, a pre-validated bank or...Individuals and salaried
• How are family pension, gifts from relatives and agricultural income taxed?Family pension is taxed as income from other sources, after a deduction of one-third, up to ₹25,000 in the new regime or ₹15,000 in the old....Individuals and salaried
• Does the Income-tax Act, 2025 or the 1961 Act apply to my income?The Income-tax Act, 2025 came into force on 1 April 2026 and applies to income of tax year 2026-27 (1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027) onwards....The Income-tax Act, 2025
• Do my pending notices, assessments and appeals continue under the 1961 Act?Yes. Section 536 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 repeals the 1961 Act but keeps it alive for everything relating to years before 1 April 2026....The Income-tax Act, 2025
• What are the new section numbers for common sections like 80C, 194C and 44AB?The Income-tax Act, 2025 renumbered almost every section. Common examples: 80C is now section 123, 80D is 126, 87A is 156, 115BAC (new...The Income-tax Act, 2025
• Has anything changed for salaried taxpayers under the Income-tax Act, 2025?Very little in substance. For tax year 2026-27 the slabs, the ₹75,000 standard deduction, the ₹12 lakh tax-free limit of the new regime and...The Income-tax Act, 2025
• What is a "tax year", and what happened to the previous year and assessment year?Under the Income-tax Act, 2025, the year in which you earn income and the year in which it is taxed are the same: the tax year, which is the...The Income-tax Act, 2025
• Who must pay advance tax, what are the due dates, and what is the interest for paying late?If your tax for the year after TDS is ₹10,000 or more, pay advance tax in four instalments: 15% by 15 June, 45% by 15 September, 75% by 15...Business and professionals
• Who can opt for presumptive tax under sections 44AD, 44ADA and 44AE, and what are the limits?Small businesses with turnover up to ₹2 crore (₹3 crore if cash receipts are within 5%) can declare 8% of turnover as income, or 6% of...Business and professionals
• When is a tax audit compulsory, and what are the turnover limits?A business needs a tax audit if its turnover exceeds ₹1 crore, or ₹10 crore where cash receipts and cash payments are each within 5% of the...Business and professionals
• What is section 43B(h) (now section 37), and what happens if I pay an MSE supplier late?If you buy goods or services from a micro or small enterprise registered on Udyam and do not pay within 45 days (with a written agreement)...Business and professionals
• What are the limits on cash payments, cash receipts and cash loans under income tax?A business expense paid in cash above ₹10,000 to one person in a day is disallowed (₹35,000 for transporters). No one may receive ₹2 lakh or...Business and professionals
• What are the income-tax depreciation rates, and how does the half-year rule work?Income-tax depreciation is charged on the written-down value of each block of assets at prescribed rates: for example 10% for most buildings...Business and professionals
• How is a partnership firm taxed, and how much remuneration and interest can partners be paid?A partnership firm or LLP pays tax at 30%, plus surcharge above ₹1 crore and cess. It can deduct interest to partners up to 12% a year and...Business and professionals
• How are losses set off and carried forward under income tax?A loss is first set off within the same head, then against other heads, with exceptions: capital losses only against capital gains, and...Business and professionals
• When is a capital gain long-term, and at what rate is it taxed?Listed shares and equity mutual funds become long-term after 12 months; property, gold, unlisted shares and most other assets after 24...Capital gains and property
• Can I still use indexation when I sell a property bought before 23 July 2024?Yes, if you are a resident individual or HUF selling land or a building acquired before 23 July 2024. You can pay the lower of two amounts:...Capital gains and property
• How do the capital gains exemptions under sections 54, 54EC and 54F (now sections 82, 85 and 86) work, and what is the Capital Gains Account Scheme?If you sell a house and buy or build another, section 54 (now 82) exempts the long-term gain, up to the cost of the new house and ₹10 crore....Capital gains and property
• What if I sell property below the circle rate (section 50C, now section 78), and how is a jointly owned property taxed?If the stamp duty value of land or a building is more than 110% of the price, the stamp duty value is treated as the sale price for capital...Capital gains and property
• How are gains on gold, crypto and unlisted shares taxed?Physical gold, jewellery and unlisted shares are long-term after 24 months; long-term gains are taxed at 12.5% without indexation, and...Capital gains and property
• How is the sale of inherited or gifted property taxed?Receiving property by inheritance, will, or gift from a relative is not taxed. When you sell it, the cost is the previous owner's cost, plus...Capital gains and property
• Do I have to deduct TDS when I buy a property?Yes, if you buy immovable property other than agricultural land for ₹50 lakh or more from a resident seller. Deduct 1% of the higher of the...TDS and TCS
• What are the TDS rates and thresholds for rent, contractors, professionals, interest and commission?For tax year 2026-27, under section 393 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: rent of land or buildings 10% above ₹50,000 a month; contractors 1%...TDS and TCS
• How does my employer deduct TDS on salary, and how do I declare my investments?Your employer estimates your income for the whole year under the regime you choose, works out the tax, and deducts it evenly from each...TDS and TCS
• When are TDS payments and TDS returns due, and what is the late fee and interest?TDS deducted in a month is paid by the 7th of the next month (30 April for March). Quarterly TDS statements are due by 31 July, 31 October,...TDS and TCS
• How do I correct a wrong TDS challan or TDS return?File a correction statement: download the consolidated file from TRACES, fix the PAN, amount or challan details in the return preparation...TDS and TCS
• How do I get TDS deducted at a lower rate or not at all (Form 13, 15G and 15H)?If your total tax for the year will be nil, give the payer a declaration so no TDS is deducted on interest, dividends, rent and similar...TDS and TCS
• When is TCS collected on foreign remittances, car purchases and sale of goods?From tax year 2026-27, banks collect TCS on remittances under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme above ₹10 lakh a year: 2% for education or...TDS and TCS
• Why is higher TDS deducted when PAN and Aadhaar are not linked, or for non-filers?If you do not give your PAN, or your PAN is inoperative because it is not linked to Aadhaar, TDS is deducted (section 206AA, now 397(2)(b))...TDS and TCS
• I got an income-tax notice. What should I do first?Don't ignore it, and don't reply in a hurry. First check that it is genuine using the 'Authenticate notice' service on the e-filing portal,...Notices, assessment and appeals
• What does an intimation under section 143(1) (now section 270(1)) mean, and what should I do?It is the result of the automated processing of your return by CPC Bengaluru. It shows whether your figures were accepted as filed, or...Notices, assessment and appeals
• My return has been treated as defective under section 139(9) (now section 263(7)). What now?The department has found a defect, for example income declared without the required schedules, tax claimed without TDS details, or the wrong...Notices, assessment and appeals
• I received a notice under section 148 or 148A (now sections 280 and 281). What should I do?It means the Assessing Officer believes income for an earlier year escaped assessment. Usually you first get a show cause notice under...Notices, assessment and appeals
• How do I reply to an income-tax notice on the portal, and can I ask for more time?Log in to the e-filing portal, go to Pending Actions > e-Proceedings, open the notice and choose 'Submit Response'. Write the reply, attach...Notices, assessment and appeals
• What is a faceless assessment, and how does a personal hearing by video work?In a faceless assessment, your case is handled online by an assessment unit you never meet, through the National Faceless Assessment Centre....Notices, assessment and appeals
• There is an outstanding demand on the income-tax portal. How do I agree or disagree with it?Log in to the e-filing portal and open Pending Actions > Response to Outstanding Demand. For each demand, choose whether it is correct,...Notices, assessment and appeals
• What is the penalty under section 270A for under-reporting or misreporting income, and how does immunity work?Under section 270A of the 1961 Act (now section 439), the penalty is 50% of the tax on under-reported income, or 200% where it results from...Notices, assessment and appeals
• How do I appeal against an income-tax order, and what are the time limits and fees?First appeal is to the Commissioner (Appeals), online in Form 35 (now Form 99), within 30 days of receiving the notice of demand or the...Notices, assessment and appeals
• I have appealed. Do I have to pay 20% of the demand to get a stay?An appeal does not stop recovery by itself: you must apply to the Assessing Officer for stay under section 220(6) of the 1961 Act (now...Notices, assessment and appeals

GST

GST registration, rates, returns and compliance, input tax credit, refunds, notices, demands and appeals.

• When do I have to register for GST?In Uttar Pradesh and most states, registration is required once your aggregate turnover in a financial year crosses ₹40 lakh if you supply...Registration and basics
• What are the GST rates after 22 September 2025?From 22 September 2025, most goods and services fall in two slabs, 5% and 18%, with a 40% rate for a short list of luxury and demerit goods...Registration and basics
• Do online sellers and businesses making inter-state supplies need GST registration below the threshold?Sellers of goods through e-commerce platforms must register whatever their turnover. The exception, since 1 October 2023, is small sellers...Registration and basics
• Who can opt for the GST composition scheme, and what are its rates and limits?Manufacturers, traders and restaurants with turnover up to ₹1.5 crore in the previous year (₹75 lakh in some special-category states) can...Registration and basics
• What documents are needed for GST registration, and why are applications rejected?You need PAN, Aadhaar of the proprietor, partners or directors, photographs, proof of constitution, proof of the place of business (with a...Registration and basics
• How is GST registration cancelled, and how can a cancelled registration be revived?You can apply to cancel your registration in REG-16 when you close the business or are no longer liable. The officer can cancel it for...Registration and basics
• What are the due dates for GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B, and what happens if I file late?Monthly filers file GSTR-1 by the 11th and GSTR-3B by the 20th of the following month. Small taxpayers under the QRMP scheme file GSTR-1 by...Returns and compliance
• Who must file GSTR-9 and GSTR-9C, and by when?GSTR-9, the annual return, is due by 31 December after the financial year: for FY 2025-26, by 31 December 2026. It is optional if your...Returns and compliance
• What is the QRMP scheme, and should I opt for it?QRMP (Quarterly Return, Monthly Payment) lets taxpayers with aggregate turnover up to ₹5 crore in the previous financial year file GSTR-1...Returns and compliance
• What are the GST late fees and interest for late returns and payments?GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B carry a late fee of ₹50 a day (₹20 for a nil return), capped at ₹500 for nil returns and ₹2,000, ₹5,000 or ₹10,000 for...Returns and compliance
• Who must issue e-invoices under GST, and what is the 30-day rule?A business whose aggregate turnover exceeded ₹5 crore in any year since 2017-18 must report its B2B invoices, credit and debit notes, and...Returns and compliance
• When is an e-way bill required, and how long is it valid?An e-way bill is needed to move goods worth more than ₹50,000 in a consignment, including tax. Some states set a different limit for...Returns and compliance
• What conditions must I meet to claim input tax credit under GST?You must hold a valid tax invoice, have received the goods or services, see the invoice in your GSTR-2B, the supplier must have paid the...Input tax credit
• Why does the input tax credit in my GSTR-2B differ from my books, and how do I reconcile it?GSTR-2B shows only invoices your suppliers have reported and you have accepted (or not rejected) on the Invoice Management System, for that...Input tax credit
• What is the time limit for claiming input tax credit, and what did the 2024 amendments change?Credit for an invoice of a financial year must be claimed by 30 November of the following year, or the date you file the annual return, if...Input tax credit
• On which purchases is GST input tax credit blocked under section 17(5)?Credit is blocked on motor cars and other vehicles for up to 13 people (unless you deal in them, transport passengers or run a driving...Input tax credit
• When must I reverse input tax credit because the supplier has not paid tax, or I have not paid the supplier within 180 days?If you do not pay the supplier the value and tax within 180 days of the invoice date, reverse the credit in GSTR-3B, with interest if it was...Input tax credit
• How does input tax credit on capital goods work under GST?GST paid on capital goods used in business can be claimed in full in the month of receipt, if the asset is used for taxable supplies and you...Input tax credit
• How do I reply to a GST show cause notice (DRC-01)?File the reply in form DRC-06 on the GST portal within the time given in the notice, usually 30 days, with documents for every point. Ask...Notices, demands and appeals
• Can I appeal to the GST Appellate Tribunal, and what is the time limit?Yes. The GST Appellate Tribunal (GSTAT) began functioning in September 2025 and hears second appeals against orders of the Appellate...Notices, demands and appeals
• How do I file a first appeal against a GST order, and how much is the pre-deposit?File form APL-01 online before the Appellate Authority within three months of the date the order was communicated (a further one month can...Notices, demands and appeals
• What is the difference between GST demands under sections 73, 74 and 74A, and what was the section 128A waiver?Section 73 covered demands without fraud and section 74 those with fraud, wilful misstatement or suppression, for 2017-18 to 2023-24. From...Notices, demands and appeals
• Can the GST department attach my bank account, and what can I do about it?Yes. Under section 83, the Commissioner can provisionally attach a bank account or other property while proceedings such as an audit,...Notices, demands and appeals
• When can I claim a GST refund, and how long does it take?Refunds are allowed for exports and supplies to SEZs, for accumulated credit due to an inverted duty structure, for excess cash in the...Notices, demands and appeals

Company law and LLP

Forming a company or LLP, annual ROC filings, directors and meetings, changes in capital, closure, and partnership firms.

• How do I register a private limited company, a one person company or an LLP?A private limited company needs at least two directors and two shareholders; a one person company needs one member and a nominee; an LLP...Starting a company or LLP
• Should I form a private limited company or an LLP?A private limited company suits a business that wants outside equity, ESOPs, or a structure investors and banks know well; it can pay tax at...Starting a company or LLP
• What annual filings must a private company make with the Registrar of Companies?Every company files its financial statements in AOC-4 within 30 days of the AGM, and its annual return in MGT-7 (or MGT-7A for small...Annual filings and ROC
• What are the late fees for ROC filings, and how does a company clear a backlog?AOC-4 and MGT-7 filed late carry an additional fee of ₹100 a day for each form, with no upper limit; other forms carry a multiple of the...Annual filings and ROC
• Does a small private company need a statutory audit?Yes. Every company registered under the Companies Act must have its financial statements audited every year, whatever its size or turnover,...Annual filings and ROC
• What is a small company under the Companies Act, and what relaxations does it get?Since 1 December 2025, a small company is a private company with paid-up capital up to ₹10 crore and turnover up to ₹100 crore. Holding and...Annual filings and ROC
• How many board meetings must a company hold, and when must the AGM be held?A company holds its first board meeting within 30 days of incorporation and at least four a year after that, with no more than 120 days...Directors, meetings and changes
• How is a director appointed or removed, and what are DIN, director KYC and disqualification?Every director needs a Director Identification Number (DIN). The board can appoint an additional director, who must be confirmed at the next...Directors, meetings and changes
• How does a private company transfer shares, increase its authorised capital and raise money by private placement?Shares are transferred under an instrument in SH-4, stamped and lodged with the company, subject to the restrictions in the articles....Directors, meetings and changes
• How can a company be closed: by strike-off or by winding up?A company that has not carried on business for two years, or never started within a year of incorporation, and has no liabilities, can apply...Closing a company
• What are LLP Form 8 and Form 11, and when are they due?Form 11 is the LLP's annual return, giving its partners and their contributions; it is due by 30 May. Form 8 is the statement of account and...LLP and partnership firms
• When does an LLP need to get its accounts audited?An LLP must get its accounts audited if its turnover exceeds ₹40 lakh, or its partners' contribution exceeds ₹25 lakh, in any financial...LLP and partnership firms
• How is a partnership firm registered in Uttar Pradesh, and is registration compulsory?Registration of a partnership firm is optional under the Indian Partnership Act, but an unregistered firm cannot sue a third party or its...LLP and partnership firms
• How can a partnership firm be converted into an LLP or a company, and what is the tax effect?A firm converts into an LLP by filing Form 17 with FiLLiP, where all partners become partners of the LLP and no one else joins. It can...LLP and partnership firms

Audit and certification

Statutory, tax, internal and bank audits, CARO, internal financial controls, and certificates issued by a Chartered Accountant.

• What is the difference between a statutory audit, a tax audit and an internal audit?A statutory audit gives an independent opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view; it is compulsory for every...Audit and assurance
• How is a company's auditor appointed, and when must auditors be rotated?The board appoints the first auditor within 30 days of incorporation. After that, members appoint the auditor at the AGM for a five-year...Audit and assurance
• What is CARO 2020, and which companies does it apply to?The Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 requires the auditor to report on 21 specific matters, such as title deeds of property,...Audit and assurance
• What do qualified, adverse and disclaimer opinions in an audit report mean?An unmodified opinion says the financial statements give a true and fair view. A qualified opinion says they do, except for a matter that is...Audit and assurance
• What is a concurrent audit of a bank branch, and what does it cover?A concurrent audit is a continuous examination of a bank branch's or department's transactions, done at the same time as, or soon after,...Audit and assurance
• What is the auditor's report on internal financial controls, and which companies need it?Besides the opinion on the accounts, a company's auditor reports on whether the company has adequate internal financial controls over...Audit and assurance
• How can I verify a CA certificate or audit report using its UDIN?Every certificate, audit report or attestation signed by a Chartered Accountant in practice carries an 18-character Unique Document...Certificates by a CA
• What documents are needed for a net-worth certificate from a Chartered Accountant?A net-worth certificate states a person's assets less liabilities on a given date. The CA needs evidence for each item: bank statements and...Certificates by a CA
• What goes into a turnover certificate, a certificate for a bank loan, and a Form 15CB certificate?A turnover certificate states turnover for given years, verified with audited accounts and reconciled with GST returns. Certificates for...Certificates by a CA
• Why does every CA certificate carry a UDIN, and which documents need one?ICAI requires a Unique Document Identification Number on every certificate, audit report and other attest document signed by a Chartered...Certificates by a CA

Ind AS

Who must follow Ind AS, moving from Indian GAAP, and the key standards on leases, financial instruments and revenue.

• Which companies must follow Ind AS?Ind AS is compulsory for companies whose equity or debt securities are listed, or are being listed, on a stock exchange in India or abroad...Applicability and transition
• What changes when a company moves from Indian GAAP to Ind AS?The opening balance sheet is restated at the date of transition, the start of the comparative year, under Ind AS 101, with optional...Applicability and transition
• How does a tenant account for a lease under Ind AS 116?A tenant (lessee) recognises almost every lease on the balance sheet: a lease liability at the present value of the unpaid lease payments,...Key standards
• What is expected credit loss under Ind AS 109, and how is it calculated for receivables?Ind AS 109 requires a loss allowance for credit losses expected in future, not only those already incurred. For trade receivables and...Key standards
• What are the basics of revenue recognition under Ind AS 115?Ind AS 115 recognises revenue in five steps: identify the contract, identify each separate promise (performance obligation), work out the...Key standards

ESG and BRSR

Who reports a BRSR, BRSR Core and its assurance, value-chain data requests, and Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions.

• Who must file a BRSR, and what is BRSR Core?The top 1,000 listed entities by market capitalisation must include a Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) in their...BRSR and BRSR Core
• We are an unlisted supplier. Why are customers asking for our ESG data?Large listed companies report under SEBI's BRSR and are encouraged to cover their value chain: suppliers and customers that make up 2% or...BRSR and BRSR Core
• What are Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions, and how are they calculated?Scope 1 is direct emissions from sources you own or control, such as fuel burnt in boilers, generators and vehicles. Scope 2 is emissions...Emissions and assurance
• Is reasonable assurance of BRSR Core required, and how does assurance differ from assessment?SEBI originally required reasonable assurance of BRSR Core. Since its circular of 28 March 2025, listed entities in the glide path can...Emissions and assurance

NRI and overseas

Residential status, returns and treaty relief for NRIs, property sales, NRE and NRO accounts, remittances abroad and foreign assets.

• How is residential status decided for income tax: the 182-day and 120-day rules?You are resident in a tax year if you are in India for 182 days or more, or for 60 days or more and 365 days in the four previous years. For...Residence and returns
• When must an NRI file an income-tax return in India, and how is double taxation relief claimed?An NRI must file a return if Indian income exceeds the basic exemption limit, or to claim a refund of excess TDS or carry forward a loss....Residence and returns
• Who must report foreign assets in Schedule FA, and what is the penalty for not doing so?A resident and ordinarily resident individual must report every foreign asset and foreign income source in Schedule FA, even with no income...Residence and returns
• How much TDS is deducted when an NRI sells property in India, and can it be reduced?A buyer from a non-resident seller must deduct TDS under section 195 (now section 393(2)), not the 1% that applies to resident sellers. On a...Property, accounts and remittances
• How is interest on NRE, NRO and FCNR accounts taxed?Interest on an NRE account is tax-free for a non-resident, and interest on an FCNR(B) deposit is tax-free for a non-resident or a resident...Property, accounts and remittances
• How much can a resident send abroad under LRS, and when are Forms 15CA and 15CB needed?A resident individual can send up to USD 250,000 a financial year abroad under the RBI's Liberalised Remittance Scheme, for travel,...Property, accounts and remittances

MSME, startups and registrations

Udyam registration, Startup India recognition, PAN, TAN and Aadhaar, and the registration of trusts, NGOs and Section 8 companies.

• How do I get Udyam (MSME) registration, and what are the current limits?Udyam registration is free and online, on the Ministry of MSME's portal, with the Aadhaar of the proprietor, partner or director and the...Registrations
• When do I need a PAN or a TAN, and what happens if PAN and Aadhaar are not linked?A PAN is needed to file returns and for most financial transactions; a TAN is needed by anyone who deducts or collects tax, except...Registrations
• Who qualifies as a startup under Startup India, and how does the section 80-IAC (now section 140) tax holiday work?Since February 2026, a company, LLP, registered firm or cooperative society up to 10 years old, with turnover up to ₹200 crore in every year...Startups, trusts and NGOs
• How does a trust, society or Section 8 company get registration for tax exemption and 80G approval (now section 354)?A charitable trust, society or Section 8 company is tax-exempt only after registration under the old section 12A or 12AB (now section 332)....Startups, trusts and NGOs

Customs and foreign trade

IEC registration, customs duty, export incentives, and customs notices and appeals.

• Who needs an Importer Exporter Code (IEC), and how is it obtained and kept active?Anyone importing or exporting goods needs an Importer Exporter Code from DGFT, and so does an exporter of services claiming benefits under...Imports, exports and customs
• How is customs duty on imports worked out?Customs duty is charged on the assessable value, usually the CIF value (cost, insurance and freight) converted at the exchange rate notified...Imports, exports and customs
• What are RoDTEP and duty drawback for exporters?Duty drawback refunds customs duty paid on imported inputs used in exports, at all-industry rates or a brand rate. RoDTEP refunds taxes...Imports, exports and customs
• How do I respond to a customs show cause notice, and how does a customs appeal work?A customs demand must be raised within two years, or five where there is collusion, wilful misstatement or suppression. Paying duty and...Imports, exports and customs